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Glossary-Items: Letter D

Developmental advantage

If a child is on a more advanced level in a certain skill or ability than the rest of their age group, this is referred to as a developmental advantage. An advantage in intellectual development is frequently assumed to be the case with gifted people‘s development. In the developmental advantage approach, a person’s giftedness is equated with their being more advanced in years in a certain area of knowledge—regardless of their intelligence.

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Differentiation

Differentiation refers to the use of learning activities and support measures that are oriented toward the individual needs of children and adolescents. This can occur in either a school or an early learning setting.

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Disharmony hypothesis

The disharmony hypothesis (or divergence hypothesis) refers to the assumption that intellectual giftedness may go hand-in-hand with personality traits that are regarded less favorably, emotional disorders, a lack of social skills, or a reduced capability to deal with everyday life.

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Documentation

The documentation of educational processes serves as the basis for educational work and decision making in Kitas and schools and is a core element of educational assessment.

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Dyscalculia

Dyscalculia is a learning disorder that affects the understanding and processing of mathematical concepts and numbers. People with dyscalculia often have persistent difficulties with fundamental mathematical skills, such as basic arithmetic operations or recognizing numbers and quantities. From the very beginning of arithmetic learning, affected children show mathematical skills that are clearly below the level expected based on their age and intelligence.

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Dyslexia (Reading and Spelling Disorder)

Dyslexia, a learning disorder, is defined as a clear impairment in acquiring written language, in which reading and spelling skills do not reach the level expected for a person’s age, intelligence, and schooling. Those affected experience persistent difficulties with reading (reading speed/reading comprehension) and/or spelling.

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